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針對當前疫情防控中大家較為關心的法律問題，上海市司法局圍繞不配合核酸檢測、偽造變造檢測報告、哄抬物價、合同履行中的“不可抗力”、疫情期間的勞動關系、應急征用的依據與程序，造謠傳謠的法律責任等方面的問題，形成了有關問答指引。國浩上海林禎、許中禎、童曉楓對問答指引適當補充，并翻譯成中英對照版，以供參考。當前疫情防控處于關鍵階段，呼吁廣大市民共同遵守法律法規規定，主動配合政府及其相關部門采取的疫情防控措施，眾志成城，共克時艱。

In response to the legal issues of concern to the public in the current epidemic prevention and control, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Justice has formulated the Q&A Guidelines, sorting out the issues with respect to non-cooperation with nucleic acid testing, falsification of test reports, price-jacking, force majeure in contract performance, labor issues during the epidemic outbreak, the basis and procedures for emergency expropriation, and legal liability for rumor-mongering. Ms. LIN Zhen, Ms. XU Zhongzhen and Ms. TONG Xiaofeng of Grandall Shanghai Office have made appropriate supplements to the Guidelines, and translated the same into English for your reference. As the epidemic prevention and control is at its most critical stage, we call on the general public to strictly comply with the laws and regulations, actively cooperate with the government and its relevant departments in taking measures to prevent and control the epidemic, and work together to overcome the difficulties.

一、不配合核酸檢測、封控管理、偽造變造核酸檢測報告的法律責任

I. Legal liabilities for not cooperating with nucleic acid testing and control management, and forging and altering nucleic acid testing reports

問：疫情期間，如果有人拒不配合核酸檢測，將承擔什么法律責任？

Q: What legal liability will be incurred if someone refuses to cooperate with nucleic acid testing during the epidemic prevention and control?

答：《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》第十二條規定，在中華人民共和國領域內的一切單位和個人，必須接受疾病預防控制機構、醫療機構有關傳染病的調查、檢驗、采集樣本、隔離治療等預防、控制措施，如實提供有關情況。

A: Article 12 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases stipulates that any and all units and individuals in the territory of the People's Republic of China must accept preventive and control measures such as investigation, testing, collection of samples, isolation and treatment of infectious diseases by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and truthfully provide relevant information.

《上海市公共衛生應急管理條例》第七條規定，任何單位和個人應當遵守有關法律、法規規定，服從各級人民政府及其有關部門發布的決定、命令、通告，配合各級人民政府及其有關部門依法采取的各項公共衛生事件預防與處置措施。第八十三條規定，單位或者個人違反本條例規定，不服從各級人民政府及其有關部門發布的決定、命令、通告或者不配合各項依法采取的措施，由有關主管部門責令改正，構成違反治安管理行為的，由公安機關依法給予處罰；導致公共衛生事件發生或者危害擴大，給他人人身、財產造成損害的，應當依法承擔民事責任；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。

Article 7 of Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management provides that any and all units and individuals shall comply with the relevant laws and regulations, obey the decisions, orders, notices issued by the people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments, and cooperate with the people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments in accordance with the law to take measures to prevent and dispose of public health events. Article 83 provides that any unit or individual who violates the provisions of these Regulations, does not obey the decisions, orders, notices issued by people's governments at all levels and their relevant departments or does not cooperate with the measures taken in accordance with the law shall be ordered by the competent authorities to correct its behavior; if the behavior constitutes a violation of public security management behavior, the unit or individual shall be punished by the public security organs according to law; if the behavior results in the occurrence of public health events or expends the harm to others’ personal and property, the unit or individual shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law; if it constitutes a crime, the unit or individual shall bear criminal liability in accordance with the law.

第八十四條規定，違反本條例規定的行為，除依法追究相應法律責任外，有關部門還應當按照規定，將有關單位失信信息以及個人隱瞞病史、疫情高風險地區旅行史或者居住史，逃避隔離治療、醫學觀察、健康觀察等信息向本市公共信用信息平臺歸集，并依法采取懲戒措施。因此，拒不配合核酸檢測等疫情防控措施，需要依法承擔相應的法律責任，并有可能被列入失信信息，依法采取懲戒措施。

Article 84 provides that for any violation of the provisions of this Regulation, in addition to being investigated for corresponding legal liability in accordance with the law, relevant authorities shall also, pursuant to the provisions, collect on the public credit information platform of this Municipality information on dishonesty of the relevant entities, and information on individuals' concealment of disease history, travel history or residence history in high-risk areas of epidemics to avoid isolation treatment, medical observation or health observation, etc., and take disciplinary measures pursuant to the law. Therefore, whoever refuses to cooperate in nucleic acid testing and other prevention and control measures shall bear the corresponding legal liability in accordance with the law and may be listed in the dishonesty information, with disciplinary measures taken pursuant to the law.

問：有人為了出行應付檢查，偽造、變造核酸檢測報告，將承擔什么法律責任？

Q: What legal responsibility will be incurred if someone forges or alters a nucleic acid test report for travel inspection?

答：根據《治安管理處罰法》規定，偽造、變造或者買賣國家機關、人民團體、企業、事業單位或者其他組織的公文、證件、證明文件、印章的，處十日以上十五日以下拘留，可以并處一千元以下罰款；情節較輕的，處五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并處五百元以下罰款。偽造、編造核酸檢測報告的行為，將受到相應的治安管理處罰。

A: According to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security, anyone who forges, falsifies, alters or trades in official documents, certificates, certification documents or seals of state organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions or other organizations shall be sentenced to detention for the period ranging from ten days to fifteen days, and may be fined up to RMB 1,000; where the case is relatively minor, he/she shall be detained for a period ranging from five days to ten days, and may be fined up to RMB 500. The act of forging or fabricating nucleic acid test reports will be subject to the corresponding public security management punishment.

此外，如果因偽造、編造核酸檢測報告行為，引起疫情傳播或者有傳播嚴重危險，可能構成妨害傳染病防治罪；如果是已經確診的新型冠狀病毒肺炎患者、病原攜帶者，偽造、編造核酸檢測報告，并進入公共場所或者公共交通工具的，還可能構成以危險方法危害公共安全罪。

In addition, if the act of forging or fabricating the nucleic acid test report causes the spread of the epidemic or has a serious risk of spreading, it may constitute the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases; if a confirmed COVID-19 patient or a pathogen carrier forges or fabricates the nucleic acid test report and enters a public place or public transportation, such person may also constitute the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means.

問：封控、封閉小區的居民拒不配合封控管理，違反上海市相關防控政策的，擅自外出、聚集的法律責任？

Q: If a resident of controlled or separated communities refuses to cooperate with the prevent and control management, violates relevant prevention and control policies of Shanghai, hangs out or gathers without permission, what legal liability is he/she subject to?

答：根據《中華人民共和國治安管理處罰法》第五十條，有下列行為之一的，處警告或者二百元以下罰款；情節嚴重的，處五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并處五百元以下罰款：拒不執行人民政府在緊急狀態情況下依法發布的決定、命令的；阻礙國家機關工作人員依法執行職務的；強行沖闖公安機關設置的警戒帶、警戒區的。封控、封閉小區的居民拒不配合封控管理，擅自外出、聚集的，將受到相應的治安管理處罰。

A: According to Article 50 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security, any of the following acts shall be penalized by a warning or a fine up to RMB 200; where the case is serious, he is subject to detention for a period ranging from five days to ten days, and may be fined up to RMB 500: refusal to implement the decision or order issued by the people's government in accordance with the law in case of emergency; obstructing the staff of state organs in the execution of their duties in accordance with the law; forcibly rushing through the cordon or controlled area set up by the public security organs. Those residents of controlled or separated areas who refuse to cooperate with the control management, hang out and gather without permission are subject to the corresponding public security management punishment.

此外，引起新型冠狀病毒傳播或者有傳播嚴重危險的，涉嫌違反《中華人民共和國刑法》第三百三十條，構成妨害傳染病防治罪。

In addition, those who cause the spread of the COVID-19 or are in serious danger of the spreading are suspected of violating Article 330 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, which constitutes the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

此外，確診病人、病原攜帶者，隱瞞病情、瞞報行程信息，進入公共場所或者乘坐公共交通工具，造成新型冠狀病毒傳播的，涉嫌違反《中華人民共和國刑法》第一百一十四條、第一百一十五條，構成以危險方法危害公共安全罪。

In addition, a confirmed patient or carrier of the pathogen who conceals the disease or withholds information about the trip and enters a public place or takes public transportation, causing the spread of the COVID-19, is suspected of violating Article 114 and Article 115 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, which constitutes the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means.

因此，在當前嚴峻的疫情防控形勢下，主動配合核酸檢測等疫情防控措施是每個公民應盡的義務，不要存在僥幸心理、觸碰法律底線。

Therefore, under the current serious situation of epidemic prevention and control, it is the duty of every citizen to cooperate with the prevention and control measures such as nucleic acid testing, and not to take any chances and challenge the bottom line of the law.

二、哄抬物價的法律責任

II. Legal liabilities for price-jacking

問：疫情防控期間，部分經營者趁機漲價，是否構成哄抬價格違法行為？

Q: During the prevention and control period, some operators take the opportunity to raise prices, whether it constitutes an illegal act of jacking up prices?

答：在疫情防控期間，部分經營者對人民群眾維持基本生活所必需的糧油肉蛋菜奶等民生商品，與抗擊疫情關系最為密切的口罩、抗病毒藥品、消毒殺菌用品、相關醫療器械等防疫用品，以及生產上述商品所需的相關原輔材料等，趁機漲價，不僅嚴重擾亂了市場秩序，損害了消費者的合法權益，還制造或加劇了恐慌性需求，破壞社會秩序，嚴重影響疫情防控工作平穩開展。

A: During the epidemic prevention and control period, some operators took the opportunity to raise prices on grain, oil, meat, eggs, vegetables, milk and other goods necessary for people’s basic livelihood, on masks, antiviral drugs, disinfection and sterilization supplies, medical equipment and other epidemic prevention supplies which are most closely related to the fight against the epidemic and on raw and auxiliary materials required for the production of the above products. Such behaviors not only seriously disrupted the market order and harmed the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, but also created or intensified the panic demand and damaged the social order, which seriously affected the smooth development of epidemic prevention and control management.

根據上海市市場監管局、上海市發展改革委發布的《關于疫情防控期間認定哄抬價格違法行為的指導意見》，經營者有下列情形之一的，構成《中華人民共和國價格法》第十四條規定的哄抬價格行為：（一）捏造、散布漲價信息，大幅度提高價格的；（二）生產成本或進貨成本沒有發生明顯變化，以牟取暴利為目的，大幅度提高價格的；（三）在一些地區或行業率先大幅度提高價格的；（四）囤積居奇，導致商品供不應求而出現價格大幅度上漲的；（五）利用其他手段哄抬價格，推動商品價格過快、過高上漲的。

According to the Guiding Opinions on Determining the Illegal Act of Price-Jacking during the Period for Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Epidemic released by Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Market Supervision and Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission, an operator constitutes the act of price-jacking under Article 14 of the Price Law of the People's Republic of China if such operator: (i) fabricates, disseminates information on price increases, or sharply raises the price; (ii) sharply raises the price for the purpose of seeking exorbitant profits while the production cost or purchase cost has not changed obviously; (iii) takes the lead in raising the price to a large extent in some regions or industries; (iv) hoards for profiteering result in the short supply of commodities and thus the price goes up sharply; and (v) jacks up prices by other means and causes the commodity prices to go up too fast or too high.

問：哄抬價格違法行為應當承擔什么法律責任？

Q: Legal liabilities for price-jacking?

答：1. 行政責任。依據《價格法》《價格違法行為行政處罰規定》等有關規定，對哄抬價格，推動商品價格過快、過高上漲的違法行為，由市場監管部門責令改正，沒收違法所得，并處違法所得5倍以下的罰款；沒有違法所得的，處5萬元以上50萬元以下的罰款，情節較重的處50萬元以上300萬元以下的罰款；情節嚴重的，責令停業整頓，或者吊銷營業執照。

A: 1. administrative liabilities. According to the Price Law of the People's Republic of China, the Provisions on Administrative Sanctions Against Price-related Illegal Activities and other relevant provisions, for any illegal act of jacking up prices, promoting an excessively rapid or high increase in commodity prices, the market regulatory authorities shall order the offender to make correction, confiscate illegal income and impose a fine of no more than five times the amount of illegal income; where there is no illegal income, a fine ranging from RMB 50,000 to RM B500,000 shall be imposed, and where the case is relatively serious, a fine ranging from RMB 500,000 to RMB 3,000,000 shall be imposed; where the case is serious, it shall be ordered to suspend business for rectification or its business license shall be revoked.

2. 刑事責任。根據最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部印發的《關于依法懲治妨害新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控違法犯罪的意見》（法發〔2020〕7號），在疫情防控期間，違反國家有關市場經營、價格管理等規定，囤積居奇，哄抬疫情防控急需的口罩、護目鏡、防護服、消毒液等防護用品、藥品或者其他涉及民生的物品價格，牟取暴利，違法所得數額較大或者有其他嚴重情節，嚴重擾亂市場秩序的，以非法經營罪定罪處罰，處五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并處或者單處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰金；情節特別嚴重的，處五年以上有期徒刑，并處違法所得一倍以上五倍以下罰金或者沒收財產。

2. Criminal liability. According to the Circular of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice on Issuing the Opinions on Legally Punishing Illegal and Criminal Acts Interfering with Prevention and Control of the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic (Fa Fa [2020] No. 7), during the prevention and control period, whoever hoards and speculates, jacks up the prices of masks, protective goggles, protective suits, disinfectants and other protective products, drugs and other articles relating to people's livelihood that are urgently needed in the prevention and control in violation of the relevant national provisions on market operation, price management, etc. to seek exorbitant profits, and the amount of illegal gains is relatively large or there are other serious circumstances which seriously disrupt market order, shall be convicted and punished for the crime of illegal business operation, and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of no more than five years or criminal detention, and shall also, or shall only, be fined no less than one time but no more than five times the illegal gains; where the case is especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of no less than five years, and shall also be fined no less than one time but no more than five times the illegal gains or be sentenced to confiscation of property.

三、合同履行“不可抗力”的理解適用

III. Application of "force majeure" to contract performance

問：受疫情影響，很多合同無法正常履行，疫情能否認定為“不可抗力”，是否意味著合同都可以不履行了？

Q: Can the epidemic be considered as "force majeure", and does it mean that the contract cannot be performed?

答：《民法典》規定，不可抗力是不能預見、不能避免且不能克服的客觀情況。

A: According to the Civil Code, force majeure is an objective situation that cannot be foreseen, avoided and overcome.

新冠肺炎疫情作為突發公共衛生事件，符合不可抗力的基本特征。2020年疫情期間，全國人大法工委表示，新冠肺炎疫情對于因此不能履行合同的當事人來說，屬于不可抗力。

The COVID-19 epidemic is a public health emergency and meets the basis characteristics of force majeure. During the outbreak in 2020, the Legal Affairs Commission of the National People's Congress stated that the COVID-19 epidemic was a force majeure for parties who are unable to perform their contracts as a result.

《民法典》第五百九十條規定：“當事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根據不可抗力的影響，部分或者全部免除責任，但是法律另有規定的除外。因不可抗力不能履行合同的，應當及時通知對方，以減輕可能給對方造成的損失，并應當在合理期限內提供證明。當事人遲延履行后發生不可抗力的，不免除其違約責任?！?/p>

Article 590 of the Civil Code provides that "If a party is unable to perform a contract due to force majeure, it shall, in light of the impact of the force majeure, be exempted from liability, in part or in whole, except as otherwise provided by law. If the party cannot perform the contract due to force majeure, it shall notify the other party in time to mitigate the damage that may be caused to the other party and shall provide proof within a reasonable period of time. If the force majeure occurs after the party has delayed its performance, the liability for breach shall not be exempted."

在具體理解和適用不可抗力時，需要注意以下幾點：

With respect to the understanding and application of force majeure, please pay attention to the following issues:

1. 考慮因果關系和影響程度。雖然新冠肺炎疫情符合不可抗力的基本特征，但并不意味著疫情期間所有的合同都可以不履行了，在合同不能履行與疫情之間必須存在直接的因果關系；而且要結合案件具體情況，根據疫情對合同履行的影響程度，來認定是部分還是全部免除責任。此外，因不可抗力不能履行合同的，應當及時通知對方當事人，以減輕可能給對方造成的損失，并在合理期限內提供證明，否則需要承擔違約責任。如果當事人已經延遲履行之后，才發生不可抗力的，就不能以不可抗力為由主張免除違約責任。

1. Consider the cause and effect and the degree of impact. Although the COVID-19 epidemic meets the basic characteristics of force majeure, it does not mean that all contracts cannot be performed during the epidemic period. There must be a direct causal relationship between the failure to perform the contract and the epidemic; and the specific circumstances of the case should be considered together with the degree of impact of the epidemic on the performance of the contract to determine whether the liability is partially or fully exempted. In addition, if a party cannot perform the contract due to force majeure, it shall notify the other party in a timely manner to mitigate the damage that may be caused to the other party and provide proof within a reasonable period of time, otherwise it is required to bear the liability for breach of contract. If force majeure occurs after the party has delayed performance, it cannot claim exemption from liability for the breach on the ground of force majeure.

2. 鼓勵合同繼續履行。對于疫情防控期間可以履行的合同，鼓勵當事人按約繼續履行；對于合同能夠履行而拒絕履行的，應承擔違約責任。對確因疫情影響，合同不能按約履行的，當事人可以協商變更合同，采取替代履行或者延遲履行等方式繼續履行；如果不能替代履行或者延遲履行將導致合同目的無法實現的，當事人可以請求解除合同。

2. Encourage continued performance of the contract. For contracts that can be performed during the period of epidemic prevention and control, the parties are encouraged to continue to perform according to the contract; where a party refuses to perform the contract when it is able to do so, it shall bear the liability for breach of contract. If the contract cannot be performed due to the epidemic, the parties may negotiate to change the contract and continue to perform by alternative performance or delayed performance; if the alternative performance or delayed performance will lead to the failure to achieve the purpose of the contract, the parties may request to cancel the contract.

3. 注重利益平衡。對因疫情或者政府及其有關部門為應對疫情采取的防控措施影響，導致合同部分或者全部不能履行，或者繼續履行對一方當事人的利益有重大影響的，應當依照公平、誠實信用等原則，結合案件具體情況，平衡好雙方當事人的利益，合理分配各方的責任份額。

3. Balance of interests. For a contract cannot be performed, in part or in whole, due to the epidemic or the preventive and control measures taken by the government and its relevant departments, or the continued performance will cause significant impact upon the interest of either party, the interests of the two parties shall be balanced and the share of responsibilities of each party shall be determined in accordance with the principles of fairness, honesty and credit, and taking into account the specific circumstances of the case.

4. 倡導友好協商。疫情的發生是合同雙方當事人都不愿看到的，也不能歸咎于某一方的過錯。在特殊時期，大家應當樹立同舟共濟、共渡難關的理念，倡導在平等自愿的基礎上，本著誠實信用、責任共擔的原則，通過友好協商，妥善解決矛盾分歧；對協商不成的，鼓勵優先通過調解、仲裁等非訴訟途徑解決。

4. Friendly consultation. No party wants to see the outbreak of this epidemic and it cannot be attributed to the fault on either side. In the special period, the parties should work together to tide over the difficulties and properly solve the dispute through friendly consultation and based upon the principles of equality, voluntariness, honesty and credit, and shared responsibility; failing which, the parties may solve the dispute through mediation, arbitration and other non-litigation channels.

四、疫情期間的勞動關系

IV. Labor relations during the epidemic

問：對因隔離治療、醫學觀察或者其他隔離管控措施，不能提供正常勞動的企業職工，工資如何支付？勞動合同到期如何處理？

Q: How are wages paid to employees of enterprises who cannot provide normal labor due to isolation treatment, medical observation or other isolation control measures? How to deal with the expiration of the labor contract?

答：根據人力資源社會保障部辦公廳《關于妥善處理新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控期間勞動關系問題的通知》（人社廳明電〔2020〕5號），新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎患者、疑似病人、密切接觸者在其隔離治療期間或醫學觀察期間以及因政府實施隔離措施或采取其他緊急措施導致不能提供正常勞動的企業職工，企業應當支付職工在此期間的工作報酬，并不得依據《勞動合同法》第四十條、四十一條與職工解除勞動合同。在此期間，勞動合同到期的，分別順延至職工醫療期期滿、醫學觀察期期滿、隔離期期滿或者政府采取的緊急措施結束。

A: According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security "Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Properly Handling Labor Relation Issues during the Period for Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Epidemic" (Ren She Ting Fa Ming Dian [2020] No.5), Where an employee of an enterprise is unable to provide normal work as a result of being isolated and treated or under medical observation because that he/she is a patient with pneumonia, a suspected patient or in close contact with a person with the novel coronavirus infection, or as a result of the government's implementation of isolation measures or other emergency measures, the enterprise shall pay the employee remuneration during such period, and shall not rescind the employment contract with the employee in accordance with Articles 40 and 41 of the Employment Contract Law. During this period, if the employment contract expires, it shall be extended to the expiration of the employee's medical treatment period, medical observation period, isolation period or the end of the emergency measures taken by the government.

問：居家辦公期間工資如何支付？

Q: How are wages paid during the period of home-based work?

答：根據人力資源社會保障部中華全國總工會中國企業聯合會/中國企業家協會中華全國工商業聯合會《關于做好新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控期間穩定勞動關系支持企業復工復產的意見》（人社部發〔2020〕8號），對因受疫情影響職工不能按期到崗或企業不能開工生產的，要指導企業主動與職工溝通，有條件的企業可安排職工通過電話、網絡等靈活的工作方式在家上班完成工作任務；對不具備遠程辦公條件的企業，與職工協商優先使用帶薪年休假、企業自設福利假等各類假。要指導企業工會積極動員職工與企業同舟共濟，在兼顧企業和勞動者雙方合法權益的基礎上，幫助企業盡可能減少受疫情影響帶來的損失。

A: According to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security,the All-China Federation of Trade Unions,All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce,China Enterprise Confederation,China Enterprise Directors Association, "Opinions on Stabilizing Employment Relationship during the Period for Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Epidemic to Support Enterprises in Resuming Work and Production" (Ren She Bu Fa [2020] No. 8), where the employees cannot arrive at their posts on time or the enterprises cannot start the production due to the epidemic, the enterprises shall be guided to initiatively communicate with their employees, and the qualified enterprises may arrange for their employees to work at home and complete the work assignments by flexible working methods via telephone and network; the enterprises not meeting the remote working conditions shall negotiate with their employees on the priority to take various kinds of paid annual leave and welfare leave given by the enterprises themselves. Trade unions of enterprises shall be guided to actively mobilize employees to work together with the enterprises in the same conditions, on the basis of taking into account the legitimate rights and interests of both enterprises and employees, so as to help the enterprises to minimize the losses brought about by the impact of the epidemic..

在受疫情影響的延遲復工或未返崗期間，對用完各類休假仍不能提供正常勞動或其他不能提供正常勞動的職工，指導企業參照國家關于停工、停產期間工資支付相關規定與職工協商，在一個工資支付周期內的按照勞動合同規定的標準支付工資；超過一個工資支付周期的按有關規定發放生活費。

During the period of delayed resumption of work or non-return to work affected by the epidemic, for the employees who still cannot provide normal work after taking various leaves or other employees who cannot provide normal work, the enterprise shall be guided to negotiate with them with reference to the relevant provisions of the State on wage payment during suspension of work and production, and pay wages to them under the standard stipulated in the labour contract within a wage payment cycle; where a wage payment cycle is exceeded, living expenses shall be paid pursuant to the relevant provisions.

根據全國總工會辦公廳下發的《關于做好新冠肺炎疫情防控期間支持企業安全有序復工復產和勞動關系協調工作的通知》（工發電〔2020〕4號），對于企業安排以靈活方式在家上班的職工，按照正常工作期間的工資收入支付工資。

According to the “Notice on Supporting Enterprises in the Safe and Orderly Resumption of Work and Coordination of Labor Relations during the Period for Prevention and Control of the Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia Epidemic” issued by the General Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (Gong Fa Dian [2020] No. 4), Where an enterprise requires its employees to work at home in any flexible manner, the enterprise shall pay wages as that paid for normal working hours..

鼓勵企業與職工樹立同舟共濟、共克時艱的理念，通過調整薪酬、輪崗輪休、縮短工時等方式穩定勞動關系，盡可能協商解決有關工資待遇問題。

Encourage enterprises and workers to establish the concept of close cooperation and mutual help, negotiate with each other to stabilize work posts by adjusting salaries, rotation of posts and leaves, shortening working hours and other means.

五、應急征用的依據與程序

V. The basis and procedures for emergency expropriation

問：政府及其部門是否有權征用賓館等場所作為疫情防控的集中隔離和健康觀察場所？

Q: Does the government and its departments have the right to requisition hotels and other places as centralized isolation and health observation places for epidemic prevention and control?

答：《民法典》《突發事件應對法》《傳染病防治法》《上海市公共衛生應急管理條例》等法律法規規定，因疫情防控等緊急需要，依照法定權限和程序，可以征用組織、個人的不動產或者動產，包括應急所需的設施、設備、場地、交通工具和其他物資?！渡虾Ｊ泄残l生應急管理條例》還明確，區人民政府根據疫情防控要求，可以臨時征用具備相關條件的賓館等場所作為集中健康觀察點。因此，政府及其部門為疫情防控需要臨時征用賓館等場所，具有明確的法律依據。

A: According to The PRC Civil Code, Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management ,etc. facilities, equipment, venues, vehicles, and other materials needed for epidemic prevention or emergency response from organizations and individuals may be requisitioned pursuant to the authority and procedures stipulated by the law. Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management also clarify that the district people's government may temporarily requisition hotels and other places with relevant conditions as centralized health observation points in accordance with the requirements for epidemic prevention and control.. Therefore, there is a clear legal basis for the government and its departments to temporarily requisition hotels and other places for epidemic prevention and control.

問：實施應急征用應當履行什么程序？

Q: What procedures should be carried out to implement emergency requisition?

答：《上海市公共衛生應急管理條例》規定，實施應急征用時，應當向被征用的單位或者個人發出應急征用憑證，在使用完畢或者公共衛生事件應急處置工作結束后，依法予以返還、補償。2020年6月，市政府辦公廳印發了《上海市應對突發事件應急征用補償實施辦法》（滬府辦規〔2020〕6號），對應急征用的程序作了進一步細化，包括應急征用憑證的開具及載明的內容、被征用單位或者個人的配合義務、被征用物資的管理與返還等。

A: Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Public Health Emergency Management stipulate that when implementing emergency requisition, the requisitioned unit or individual shall be issued with an emergency requisition voucher, and be compensated after use or the emergency response to the public health incident is completed.. In June 2020, the General Office of the Municipal Government issued the Implementation Measures of Shanghai Municipality on Compensation for Emergency Requisition in Response to Emergencies (Hu Fu Ban Gui (2020) No. 6), further refining the procedures for emergency requisition, including the issuance of emergency requisition vouchers and the contents contained therein, the obligations of the requisitioned units or individuals, the management and return of requisitioned materials, etc.

問：實施應急征用后應當如何補償？

Q: How should be compensated after the implementation of emergency expropriation?

答：《上海市應對突發事件應急征用補償實施辦法》（滬府辦規〔2020〕6號）對補償通知、補償材料、補償范圍和標準、補償認定、補償方式、補償撥付等內容作了明確規定。被征用單位或者個人自收到應急征用物資使用情況確認書或者補償公告期限屆滿之日起6個月內，向實施應急征用單位提交補償的相關書面材料；實施應急征用單位收到后，應當根據補償范圍和標準，會同同級財政部門對補償金額予以審核，確定補償方案。補償方案經批準后，實施應急征用單位與被征用單位或者個人簽訂應急征用補償協議，財政部門按照財政資金管理辦法規定的程序，向被征用單位或者個人撥付補償資金。

A: The Implementation Measures of Shanghai Municipality on Compensation for Emergency Requisition in Response to Emergencies (Hu Fu Ban Gui (2020) No. 6) clearly defines the compensation notice, compensation materials, compensation scope and standard, compensation identification, compensation method, compensation allocation, etc. The requisitioned unit or individual shall, within 6 months from the date of receiving the confirmation of the use of the materials requisitioned for emergency requisition or the expiration of the notice of compensation, submit the relevant written materials of compensation to the unit engaged in emergency requisition; after receiving the requisition for emergency requisition, the unit shall, in accordance with the scope and standard of compensation, examine the amount of compensation together with the financial department at the same level and determine the compensation scheme.After the compensation scheme is approved, the unit engaged in emergency requisition shall sign an agreement on compensation for emergency requisition with the unit or individual requisitioned, and the financial department shall allocate compensation funds to the unit or individual requisitioned in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the measures for the management of financial funds.

問：應急征用發生爭議該如何解決？

Q: How to resolve disputes over emergency expropriation?

答：疫情防控是當前的頭等大事，需要社會各方面的支持與配合。政府及其部門開展應急征用及補償工作，應當注重對自然人、法人和非法人組織合法權益的保護，妥善做好場所清理、物品保管、安置補償等工作。被征用單位或者個人應當積極配合，發生爭議時，盡量通過協商方式解決；協商無法解決的，可以依法通過行政復議或者訴訟途徑解決。

A: The prevention and control of the epidemic is a top priority and requires the support and cooperation of all sectors of society. The government and its departments shall pay attention to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of natural persons, legal persons and unincorporated organizations in the work of emergency requisition and compensation, and do a proper job of site cleaning, goods storage, resettlement and compensation. Requisitioned units or individuals should actively cooperate, and when disputes arise, try to resolve them through consultation; if consultation cannot be resolved, they can be resolved through administrative reconsideration or litigation in accordance with the law.

六、造謠傳謠的法律責任

VI. the legal responsibility of rumor-mongering and disinformation

問：在疫情防控的關鍵時刻，卻總有一些人試圖編造、散布各種引發焦慮、恐慌的謠言，擾亂社會公共秩序，需要承擔哪些法律責任？

Q: At the critical moment of epidemic prevention and control, there are always people who try to fabricate and spread various rumors that cause anxiety and panic and disturb the public order, what legal responsibilities do they need to bear?

答：1. 造謠傳謠擾亂公共秩序的，應承擔行政責任。根據《治安管理處罰法》的規定，散布謠言，謊報疫情的，處五日以上十日以下拘留，可以并處五百元以下罰款；情節較輕的，處五日以下拘留或者五百元以下罰款。

A: 1. Those who create and spread rumors to disturb public order shall bear administrative responsibility. According to the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalties for Public Security", those who intentionally disturbing public order by spreading rumors, making false reports of epidemic situations shall be detained for not less than 5 days but not more than 10 days and may, in addition, be fined not more than 500 yuan; and if the circumstances are relatively minor, he shall be detained for not more than 5 days or be fined not more than 500 yuan.

2. 造謠傳謠情節嚴重，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。根據最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、司法部印發的《關于依法懲治妨害新型冠狀病毒感染肺炎疫情防控違法犯罪的意見》（法發〔2020〕7號），造謠傳謠情節嚴重的，可能構成以下犯罪：（1）編造、故意傳播虛假信息罪。編造虛假的疫情信息，在信息網絡或者其他媒體上傳播，或者明知是虛假疫情信息，故意在信息網絡或者其他媒體上傳播，嚴重擾亂社會秩序的，以編造、故意傳播虛假信息罪定罪處罰，處三年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；造成嚴重后果的，處三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。（2）尋釁滋事罪。編造虛假信息，或者明知是編造的虛假信息，在信息網絡上散布，或者組織、指使人員在信息網絡上散布，起哄鬧事，造成公共秩序嚴重混亂的，以尋釁滋事罪定罪處罰，處五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制；糾集他人多次實施該類行為，嚴重破壞社會秩序的，處五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，可以并處罰金。

2. If the circumstances of rumor-mongering are serious and constitute a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated according to law. According to the “Opinions on Lawfully Punishing Illegality and Criminality that Obstruct Prevention and Control of COVID-19”(Fafa [2020] No. 7) jointly formulated by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate,the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice, rumor-mongering and rumor-spreading in serious cases may constitute the following crimes: (1) [Crime of Fabricating or Deliberately Disseminating False Information]. Whoever fabricates false information of epidemic, spreads such information through the information networks or other media, or is aware of the falsehood of the above information but deliberately spreads it on the information networks or other media, seriously disrupting social order, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than 3 years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if serious circumstances are caused, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment from 3 to 7 years. (2) [Crime of Picking Quarrels and Provoking Troubles] .Whoever fabricates false information, or knowingly disseminates false information on the information network, or organizes or instructs people to disseminate it on the information network, making trouble in a public place, which causes a serious disorder of the public place., shall be convicted and punished for the crime of Picking Quarrels and Provoking Troubles, and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance; whoever assembles other people to commit the acts as mentioned in the preceding paragraph many times, which seriously disrupts the social order, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years and may also be fined.

3. 造謠傳謠侵犯他人合法權益的，應承擔相應的民事責任。《民法典》明確民事主體的人格權受法律保護。編造、散播謠言或者對他人進行侮辱、誹謗，侵害他人名譽權、榮譽權、隱私權等人格權的行為，均需依法承擔相應的民事責任。

3. Those who create rumors and spread rumors to violate the legitimate rights and interests of others shall bear the corresponding civil liability. The Civil Code specifies that the personality rights of civil subjects shall be protected by the law. Any act of fabricating or spreading rumors or insulting or defaming others, infringing on others' rights to reputation, honor, privacy and other personality rights, shall be subject to corresponding civil liability according to law.

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